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author | Teo Perisanu <Teo.Perisanu@analog.com> | 2020-03-17 10:52:37 +0200 |
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committer | Uwe Hermann <uwe@hermann-uwe.de> | 2020-04-11 01:13:59 +0200 |
commit | f47d3a2dfc223156c32b935a6241e136d70d4a70 (patch) | |
tree | 7f41eb882739fe7d2f10ae805d80e10c6f802726 /decoders/adxl345 | |
parent | 9677dcf6c5547c1907c86afcfbd100b773afddbe (diff) | |
download | libsigrokdecode-f47d3a2dfc223156c32b935a6241e136d70d4a70.tar.gz libsigrokdecode-f47d3a2dfc223156c32b935a6241e136d70d4a70.zip |
Add ADXL345 decoder.
Signed-off-by: Teo Perisanu <Teo.Perisanu@analog.com>
Diffstat (limited to 'decoders/adxl345')
-rw-r--r-- | decoders/adxl345/__init__.py | 26 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | decoders/adxl345/lists.py | 96 | ||||
-rw-r--r-- | decoders/adxl345/pd.py | 484 |
3 files changed, 606 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/decoders/adxl345/__init__.py b/decoders/adxl345/__init__.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e46bce9 --- /dev/null +++ b/decoders/adxl345/__init__.py @@ -0,0 +1,26 @@ +## +## This file is part of the libsigrokdecode project. +## +## Copyright (C) 2020 Analog Devices Inc. +## +## This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify +## it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by +## the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or +## (at your option) any later version. +## +## This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +## but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +## MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the +## GNU General Public License for more details. +## +## You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License +## along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software +## Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA +## + +''' +This decoder stacks on top of the 'spi' PD and decodes the +Analog Devices ADXL345 protocol. +''' + +from .pd import Decoder diff --git a/decoders/adxl345/lists.py b/decoders/adxl345/lists.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c22ef3e --- /dev/null +++ b/decoders/adxl345/lists.py @@ -0,0 +1,96 @@ +## +## This file is part of the libsigrokdecode project. +## +## Copyright (C) 2020 Analog Devices Inc. +## +## This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify +## it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by +## the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or +## (at your option) any later version. +## +## This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +## but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +## MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the +## GNU General Public License for more details. +## +## You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License +## along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software +## Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA +## + +error_messages = { + 'interrupt': ['Interrupt'], + 'undesirable': ['Undesirable behavior'], + 'dis_single': ['Disable single tap'], + 'dis_double': ['Disable double tap'], + 'dis_single_double': ['Disable single/double tap'], +} + +rate_code = { + 0x00: 0.1, + 0x01: 0.2, + 0x02: 0.39, + 0x03: 0.78, + 0x04: 1.56, + 0x05: 3.13, + 0x06: 6.25, + 0x07: 12.5, + 0x08: 25, + 0x09: 50, + 0x0A: 100, + 0x0B: 200, + 0x0C: 400, + 0x0D: 800, + 0x0E: 1600, + 0x0F: 3200, +} + +fifo_modes = { + 0x00: 'Bypass', + 0x01: 'FIFO', + 0x02: 'Stream', + 0x03: 'Trigger', +} + +operations = { + 0x00: ['WRITE REG', 'WRITE', 'W'], + 0x01: ['READ REG', 'READ', 'R'], +} + +number_bytes = { + 0x00: ['SINGLE BYTE', 'SING BYTE', '1 BYTE', '1B'], + 0x01: ['MULTIPLE BYTES', 'MULTI BYTES', 'n*BYTES', 'n*B'], +} + +registers = { + 0x00: ['DEVID', 'DID', 'ID'], + 0x1D: ['THRESH_TAP', 'TH_TAP', 'TH_T'], + 0x1E: ['OFSX', 'OFX'], + 0x1F: ['OFSY', 'OFY'], + 0x20: ['OFSZ', 'OFZ'], + 0x21: ['DUR'], + 0x22: ['Latent', 'Lat'], + 0x23: ['Window', 'Win'], + 0x24: ['THRESH_ACT', 'TH_ACT', 'TH_A'], + 0x25: ['THRESH_INACT', 'TH_INACT', 'TH_I'], + 0x26: ['TIME_INACT', 'TI_INACT', 'TI_I'], + 0x27: ['ACT_INACT_CTL', 'ACT_I_CTL', 'A_I_C'], + 0x28: ['THRESH_FF', 'TH_FF'], + 0x29: ['TIME_FF', 'TI_FF'], + 0x2A: ['TAP_AXES', 'TAP_AX', 'TP_AX'], + 0x2B: ['ACT_TAP_STATUS', 'ACT_TAP_STAT', 'ACT_TP_ST', 'A_T_S'], + 0x2C: ['BW_RATE', 'BW_R'], + 0x2D: ['POWER_CTL', 'PW_CTL', 'PW_C'], + 0x2E: ['INT_ENABLE', 'INT_EN', 'I_EN'], + 0x2F: ['INT_MAP', 'I_M'], + 0x30: ['INT_SOURCE', 'INT_SRC', 'I_SRC', 'I_S'], + 0x31: ['DATA_FORMAT', 'DATA_FRM', 'D_FRM', 'D_F'], + 0x32: ['DATAX0', 'DX0', 'X0'], + 0x33: ['DATAX1', 'DX1', 'X1'], + 0x34: ['DATAY0', 'DY0', 'Y0'], + 0x35: ['DATAY1', 'DY1', 'Y1'], + 0x36: ['DATAZ0', 'DZ0', 'Z0'], + 0x37: ['DATAZ1', 'DZ1', 'Z1'], + 0x38: ['FIFO_CTL', 'FIF_CT', 'F_C'], + 0x39: ['FIFO_STATUS', 'FIFO_STAT', 'FIF_ST', 'F_S'], +} diff --git a/decoders/adxl345/pd.py b/decoders/adxl345/pd.py new file mode 100644 index 0000000..5b47c0b --- /dev/null +++ b/decoders/adxl345/pd.py @@ -0,0 +1,484 @@ +## +## This file is part of the libsigrokdecode project. +## +## Copyright (C) 2020 Analog Devices Inc. +## +## This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify +## it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by +## the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or +## (at your option) any later version. +## +## This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, +## but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of +## MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the +## GNU General Public License for more details. +## +## You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License +## along with this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. +## + +import sigrokdecode as srd +from .lists import * + +WORD_SIZE = 8 + +class Channel(): + MISO = 0 + MOSI = 1 + +class Operation(): + READ = 0 + WRITE = 1 + +class BitType(): + ENABLE = {1: ['Enable %s', 'En %s', '%s '], 0: ['Disable %s', 'Dis %s', '!%s '],} + SOURCE = {1: ['Involve %s', 'Inv %s', '%s'], 0: ['Not involve %s', 'Not inv %s', '!%s'],} + INTERRUPT = {1: ['INT2 %s', 'I2: %s '], 0: ['INT1 %s', 'I1:%s '],} + AC_DC = {1: ['%s ac', 'ac'], 0: ['%s dc', 'dc'],} + UNUSED = {1: ['N/A'], 0: ['N/A'],} + OTHER = 0 + +class Bit(): + def __init__(self, name, type, values=None): + self.value = 0 + self.name = name + self.type = type + self.values = values + + def set_value(self, value): + self.value = value + + def get_bit_annotation(self): + if self.type == BitType.OTHER: + annotation = self.values[self.value].copy() + else: + annotation = self.type[self.value].copy() + + for index in range(len(annotation)): + if '%s' in annotation[index]: + annotation[index] = str(annotation[index] % self.name) + return annotation + +class Decoder(srd.Decoder): + api_version = 3 + id = 'adxl345' + name = 'ADXL345' + longname = 'Analog Devices ADXL345' + desc = 'Analog Devices ADXL345 3-axis accelerometer.' + license = 'gplv2+' + inputs = ['spi'] + outputs = [] + tags = ['IC', 'Sensor'] + annotations = ( + ('read', 'Read'), + ('write', 'Write'), + ('mb', 'Multiple bytes'), + ('reg-address', 'Register address'), + ('reg-data', 'Register data'), + ('warning', 'Warning'), + ) + annotation_rows = ( + ('reg', 'Registers', (0, 1, 2, 3)), + ('data', 'Data', (4, 5)), + ) + + def __init__(self): + self.reset() + + def reset(self): + self.mosi = [] + self.miso = [] + self.reg = [] + self.operation = None + self.address = 0 + self.data = -1 + self.state = 'IDLE' + self.ss = -1 + self.es = -1 + self.samples_per_bit = 0 + + def start(self): + self.out_ann = self.register(srd.OUTPUT_ANN) + + def putx(self, data): + self.put(self.ss, self.es, self.out_ann, data) + + def putb(self, data, index): + start = self.ss + (self.samples_per_bit * index) + self.put(start, start + self.samples_per_bit, self.out_ann, data) + + def putbs(self, data, start_index, stop_index): + start = self.ss + (self.samples_per_bit * start_index) + stop = start + (self.samples_per_bit * (stop_index - start_index + 1)) + self.put(start, stop, self.out_ann, data) + + def handle_reg_with_scaling_factor(self, data, factor, name, unit, error_msg): + if data == 0 and error_msg is not None: + self.putx([5, error_msg]) + else: + result = (data * factor) / 1000 + ann = ['%s: %f %s' % (name, result, unit), '%f %s' % (result, unit)] + self.putx([4, ann]) + + def handle_reg_bit_msg(self, bit, index, en_msg, dis_msg): + if bit: + self.putb([4, [en_msg]], index) + else: + self.putb([4, [dis_msg]], index) + + def interpret_bits(self, data, bits): + bits_values = [] + for offset in range(8): + bits_values.insert(0, (data & (1 << offset)) >> offset) + + for index in range(len(bits)): + if bits[index] is None: + continue + bit = bits[index] + bit.set_value(bits_values[index]) + bit_annotation = bit.get_bit_annotation() + self.putb([4, bit_annotation], index) + + return list(reversed(bits_values)) + + def reverse_bit_index(self, index, word_size): + return word_size - index - 1 + + def get_decimal_number(self, bits, start_index, stop_index): + number = 0 + interval = range(start_index, stop_index + 1, 1) + for index, offset in zip(interval, range(len(interval))): + bit = bits[index] + number = number | (bit << offset) + return number + + def get_axis_value(self, data, axis): + if self.data != - 1: + data <<= 8 + self.data |= data + self.put(self.start_index, self.es, self.out_ann, + [4, ['%s: 0x%04X' % (axis, self.data), str(data)]]) + self.data = -1 + else: + self.putx([4, [str(data)]]) + + def handle_reg_0x1D(self, data): + self.handle_reg_with_scaling_factor(data, 62.5, 'Threshold', 'g', + error_messages['undesirable']) + + def handle_reg_0x1E(self, data): + self.handle_reg_with_scaling_factor(data, 15.6, 'OFSX', 'g', None) + + def handle_reg_0x1F(self, data): + self.handle_reg_with_scaling_factor(data, 15.6, 'OFSY', 'g', None) + + def handle_reg_0x20(self, data): + self.handle_reg_with_scaling_factor(data, 15.6, 'OFSZ', 'g', None) + + def handle_reg_0x21(self, data): + self.handle_reg_with_scaling_factor(data, 0.625, 'Time', 's', + error_messages['dis_single_double']) + + def handle_reg_0x22(self, data): + self.handle_reg_with_scaling_factor(data, 62.5, 'Latent', 's', + error_messages['dis_double']) + + def handle_reg_0x23(self, data): + self.handle_reg_with_scaling_factor(data, 1.25, 'Latent', 's', + error_messages['dis_double']) + + def handle_reg_0x24(self, data): + self.handle_reg_with_scaling_factor(data, 62.5, 'Latent', 's', + error_messages['undesirable']) + + def handle_reg_0x25(self, data): + self.handle_reg_0x1D(data) + + def handle_reg_0x26(self, data): + self.handle_reg_with_scaling_factor(data, 1000, 'Time', 's', + error_messages['interrupt']) + + def handle_reg_0x27(self, data): + bits = [Bit('ACT', BitType.AC_DC), + Bit('ACT_X', BitType.ENABLE), + Bit('ACT_Y', BitType.ENABLE), + Bit('ACT_Z', BitType.ENABLE), + Bit('INACT', BitType.AC_DC), + Bit('INACT_X', BitType.ENABLE), + Bit('INACT_Y', BitType.ENABLE), + Bit('INACT_Z', BitType.ENABLE)] + self.interpret_bits(data, bits) + + def handle_reg_0x28(self, data): + self.handle_reg_0x1D(data) + + def handle_reg_0x29(self, data): + self.handle_reg_with_scaling_factor(data, 5, 'Time', 's', + error_messages['undesirable']) + + def handle_reg_0x2A(self, data): + bits = [Bit('', BitType.UNUSED), + Bit('', BitType.UNUSED), + Bit('', BitType.UNUSED), + Bit('', BitType.UNUSED), + Bit('', BitType.OTHER, {1: ['Suppressed', 'Suppr', 'S'], + 0: ['Unsuppressed', 'Unsuppr', 'Uns'],}), + Bit('TAP_X', BitType.ENABLE), + Bit('TAP_Y', BitType.ENABLE), + Bit('TAP_Z', BitType.ENABLE)] + self.interpret_bits(data, bits) + + def handle_reg_0x2B(self, data): + bits = [Bit('', BitType.UNUSED), + Bit('ACT_X', BitType.SOURCE), + Bit('ACT_Y', BitType.SOURCE), + Bit('ACT_Z', BitType.SOURCE), + Bit('', BitType.OTHER, {1: ['Asleep', 'Asl'], + 0: ['Not asleep', 'Not asl', '!Asl'],}), + Bit('TAP_X', BitType.SOURCE), + Bit('TAP_Y', BitType.SOURCE), + Bit('TAP_Z', BitType.SOURCE)] + self.interpret_bits(data, bits) + + def handle_reg_0x2C(self, data): + bits = [Bit('', BitType.UNUSED), + Bit('', BitType.UNUSED), + Bit('', BitType.UNUSED), + Bit('', BitType.OTHER, {1: ['Reduce power', 'Reduce pw', 'Red pw'], 0: ['Normal operation', 'Normal op', 'Norm op'],})] + bits_values = self.interpret_bits(data, bits) + + start_index = 0 + stop_index = 3 + rate = self.get_decimal_number(bits_values, start_index, start_index) + self.putbs([4, ['%f' % rate_code[rate]]], + self.reverse_bit_index(stop_index, WORD_SIZE), + self.reverse_bit_index(start_index, WORD_SIZE)) + + def handle_reg_0x2D(self, data): + bits = [Bit('', BitType.UNUSED), + Bit('', BitType.UNUSED), + Bit('', BitType.OTHER, {1: ['Link'], 0: ['Unlink'], }), + Bit('AUTO_SLEEP', BitType.ENABLE), + Bit('', BitType.OTHER, {1: ['Measurement mode', 'Measurement', 'Meas'], 0: ['Standby mode', 'Standby'], }), + Bit('', BitType.OTHER, {1: ['Sleep mode', 'Sleep', 'Slp'], 0: ['Normal mode', 'Normal', 'Nrm'],})] + bits_values = self.interpret_bits(data, bits) + + start_index = 0 + stop_index = 1 + wakeup = self.get_decimal_number(bits_values, start_index, stop_index) + frequency = 2 ** (~wakeup & 0x03) + self.putbs([4, ['%d Hz' % frequency]], + self.reverse_bit_index(stop_index, WORD_SIZE), + self.reverse_bit_index(start_index, WORD_SIZE)) + + def handle_reg_0x2E(self, data): + bits = [Bit('DATA_READY', BitType.ENABLE), + Bit('SINGLE_TAP', BitType.ENABLE), + Bit('DOUBLE_TAP', BitType.ENABLE), + Bit('Activity', BitType.ENABLE), + Bit('Inactivity', BitType.ENABLE), + Bit('FREE_FALL', BitType.ENABLE), + Bit('Watermark', BitType.ENABLE), + Bit('Overrun', BitType.ENABLE)] + self.interpret_bits(data, bits) + + def handle_reg_0x2F(self, data): + bits = [Bit('DATA_READY', BitType.INTERRUPT), + Bit('SINGLE_TAP', BitType.INTERRUPT), + Bit('DOUBLE_TAP', BitType.INTERRUPT), + Bit('Activity', BitType.INTERRUPT), + Bit('Inactivity', BitType.INTERRUPT), + Bit('FREE_FALL', BitType.INTERRUPT), + Bit('Watermark', BitType.INTERRUPT), + Bit('Overrun', BitType.INTERRUPT)] + self.interpret_bits(data, bits) + + def handle_reg_0x30(self, data): + bits = [Bit('DATA_READY', BitType.SOURCE), + Bit('SINGLE_TAP', BitType.SOURCE), + Bit('DOUBLE_TAP', BitType.SOURCE), + Bit('Activity', BitType.SOURCE), + Bit('Inactivity', BitType.SOURCE), + Bit('FREE_FALL', BitType.SOURCE), + Bit('Watermark', BitType.SOURCE), + Bit('Overrun', BitType.SOURCE)] + self.interpret_bits(data, bits) + + def handle_reg_0x31(self, data): + bits = [Bit('SELF_TEST', BitType.ENABLE), + Bit('', BitType.OTHER, {1: ['3-wire SPI', '3-SPI'], 0: ['4-wire SPI', '4-SPI'],}), + Bit('', BitType.OTHER, {1: ['INT ACT LOW', 'INT LOW'], 0: ['INT ACT HIGH', 'INT HIGH'],}), + Bit('', BitType.UNUSED), + Bit('', BitType.OTHER, {1: ['Full resolution', 'Full res'], 0: ['10-bit mode', '10-bit'],}), + Bit('', BitType.OTHER, {1: ['MSB mode', 'MSB'], 0: ['LSB mode', 'LSB'],})] + bits_values = self.interpret_bits(data, bits) + + start_index = 0 + stop_index = 1 + range_g = self.get_decimal_number(bits_values, start_index, stop_index) + result = 2 ** (range_g + 1) + self.putbs([4, ['+/-%d g' % result]], + self.reverse_bit_index(stop_index, WORD_SIZE), + self.reverse_bit_index(start_index, WORD_SIZE)) + + def handle_reg_0x32(self, data): + self.data = data + self.putx([4, [str(data)]]) + + def handle_reg_0x33(self, data): + self.get_axis_value(data, 'X') + + def handle_reg_0x34(self, data): + self.handle_reg_0x32(data) + + def handle_reg_0x35(self, data): + self.get_axis_value(data, 'Y') + + def handle_reg_0x36(self, data): + self.handle_reg_0x32(data) + + def handle_reg_0x37(self, data): + self.get_axis_value(data, 'Z') + + def handle_reg_0x38(self, data): + bits = [None, + None, + Bit('', BitType.OTHER, {1: ['Trig-INT2', 'INT2'], 0: ['Trig-INT1', 'INT1'], })] + bits_values = self.interpret_bits(data, bits) + + start_index = 6 + stop_index = 7 + fifo = self.get_decimal_number(bits_values, start_index, stop_index) + self.putbs([4, [fifo_modes[fifo]]], + self.reverse_bit_index(stop_index, WORD_SIZE), + self.reverse_bit_index(start_index, WORD_SIZE)) + + start_index = 0 + stop_index = 4 + samples = self.get_decimal_number(bits_values, start_index, stop_index) + self.putbs([4, ['Samples: %d' % samples, '%d' % samples]], + self.reverse_bit_index(stop_index, WORD_SIZE), + self.reverse_bit_index(start_index, WORD_SIZE)) + + def handle_reg_0x39(self, data): + bits = [Bit('', BitType.OTHER, {1: ['Triggered', 'Trigg'], 0: ['Not triggered', 'Not trigg'],}), + Bit('', BitType.UNUSED)] + bits_values = self.interpret_bits(data, bits) + + start_index = 0 + stop_index = 5 + entries = self.get_decimal_number(bits_values, start_index, stop_index) + self.putbs([4, ['Entries: %d' % entries, '%d' % entries]], + self.reverse_bit_index(stop_index, WORD_SIZE), + self.reverse_bit_index(start_index, WORD_SIZE)) + + def get_bit(self, channel): + if (channel == Channel.MOSI and self.mosi is None) or \ + (channel == Channel.MISO and self.miso is None): + raise Exception('No available data') + + mosi_bit, miso_bit = 0, 0 + if self.miso is not None: + if len(self.mosi) < 0: + raise Exception('No available data') + miso_bit = self.miso.pop(0) + if self.miso is not None: + if len(self.miso) < 0: + raise Exception('No available data') + mosi_bit = self.mosi.pop(0) + + if channel == Channel.MOSI: + return mosi_bit + return miso_bit + + def decode(self, ss, es, data): + ptype = data[0] + + if ptype == 'CS-CHANGE': + cs_old, cs_new = data[1:] + if cs_old is not None and cs_old == 1 and cs_new == 0: + self.ss = ss + self.es = es + self.state = 'ADDRESS-BYTE' + else: + self.state = 'IDLE' + + elif ptype == 'BITS': + if data[1] is not None: + self.mosi = list(reversed(data[1])) + if data[2] is not None: + self.miso = list(reversed(data[2])) + + if self.mosi is None and self.miso is None: + return + + if self.state == 'ADDRESS-BYTE': + # OPERATION BIT + op_bit = self.get_bit(Channel.MOSI) + if op_bit[0]: + self.put(op_bit[1], op_bit[2], self.out_ann, [0, operations[op_bit[0]]]) + self.operation = Operation.READ + else: + self.put(op_bit[1], op_bit[2], self.out_ann, [1, operations[op_bit[0]]]) + self.operation = Operation.WRITE + + # MULTIPLE-BYTE BIT + mb_bit = self.get_bit(Channel.MOSI) + self.put(mb_bit[1], mb_bit[2], self.out_ann, [2, number_bytes[mb_bit[0]]]) + + # REGISTER 6-BIT ADDRESS + self.address = 0 + start_sample = self.mosi[0][1] + addr_bit = [] + for i in range(6): + addr_bit = self.get_bit(Channel.MOSI) + self.address |= addr_bit[0] + self.address <<= 1 + self.address >>= 1 + self.put(start_sample, addr_bit[2], self.out_ann, + [3, ['ADDRESS: 0x%02X' % self.address, 'ADDR: 0x%02X' + % self.address, '0x%02X' % self.address]]) + self.ss = -1 + self.state = 'DATA' + + elif self.state == 'DATA': + if self.operation == Operation.WRITE: + self.reg.extend(self.mosi) + elif self.operation == Operation.READ: + self.reg.extend(self.miso) + + self.mosi = [] + self.miso = [] + if self.ss == -1: + self.ss = self.reg[0][1] + self.es = es + self.samples_per_bit = self.reg[0][2] - self.ss + + if len(self.reg) < 8: + return + else: + reg_value = 0 + reg_bit = [] + for offset in range(7, -1, -1): + reg_bit = self.reg.pop(0) + + mask = reg_bit[0] << offset + reg_value |= mask + + if self.address < 0x00 or self.address > 0x39: + return + + if self.address in [0x32, 0x34, 0x36]: + self.start_index = self.ss + + if 0x1D > self.address >= 0x00: + self.put(self.ss, reg_bit[2], self.out_ann, [3, [str(self.address)]]) + self.put(self.ss, reg_bit[2], self.out_ann, [4, [str(reg_value)]]) + else: + self.put(self.ss, reg_bit[2], self.out_ann, [3, registers[self.address]]) + handle_reg = getattr(self, 'handle_reg_0x%02X' % self.address) + handle_reg(reg_value) + + self.reg = [] + self.address += 1 + self.ss = -1 |